Before you buy Thief Simulator, please check the store page for any information about activation restrictions in your region. However, some shops don’t share information regarding regional locks in their product feeds and that can lead to some very occasional mistakes. We always try to make sure that price displayed in our comparison is assigned to the correct regions. If the price is still too high, create a price alert and receive an email notification when Thief Simulator matches your budget! Does Thief Simulator cd key activate in my region? Check the price history of the game to determine how good the deal is in relation to historical low offers. All offers already include discounts from vouchers to save you time and money. GG.deals aggregates game keys from over 40 digital distribution stores so you can find the best deals on video games. Check out more great games published by PlayWay: In this case, hide and wait till they stop looking for you or you can always leave the loot and run away as fast as possible. If they catch you in the act, they will call the police. Or maybe they aren't?īe careful! In some houses, you can meet unexpected guests. Of course, many of them are just useless trash. All those things can make life of an aspiring thief so much easier and reduce your burglary time even by a half. Key near a window or purchase receipts in trash bins. They will save you some time on lockpicking or hacking. Prepare phones and tablets before selling them in a pawn shop by removing their security. Use the flashlight at night to highlight all the valuables in sight and places where you can expect them to be.ĭisassemble a stolen car and sell parts on the internet. Be careful, cause some things can draw police attention to you!Ī real, experienced thief can spot places where there's most probability of finding some valuables on the fly. If you fill your backpack with worthless items, you may have to waste your time to throw stuff out just to make space for other things. If you're not sure that you can take some serious money for it, maybe a good idea would be to leave it behind and save space for some expensive goods. In every house you'll find tons of useless stuff, which can really slow you down. When it's about time you have to maintain cold blood. Remember that infinite backpacks don't exist. Find and steal as many valuables as possible in the shortest time possible. Many modern devices available in Thief Simulator might come in handy with gathering intel about your target and it's neighbourhood. Choose from lots of possible approaches to prepare the best plan. What's inside? Who lives there? What's your target day schedule? Find out when the house is empty and does it have nosy neighbours. Do anything that a real thief does!Ī good thief always observes his target. Buy some hi-tech burglar equipment and learn new thief tricks. Take the challenge and rob the best secured houses. Observe your target and gather information that will help you with the burglary. Steal in free roam sandbox neighborhoods.
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This is a fabulous way to give back to the environment and your community, whilst supporting those who don’t have composting facilities…yet. Once your worm farm is established, I highly recommend listing it on ShareWaste – a brilliant app where people can connect with you and bring their food waste to your house. Suggested dilution ratios vary a lot – do some research online to help find what works for you. The worm tea should be be diluted with water before being used as a liquid fertiliser. They will migrate down, allowing you to harvest the casting from the other end. Worm castings are perfect for growing seedlings in or adding to vegetable patches. max length and width of the flat sump area 3. In this video, my nephew and I install a Kohler K838 cast iron tub in the bathroom (Yeah, finally). When you’re ready to harvest your castings, start feeding the worms at the other end of the bath tub. If you have the Toto, I would greatly appreciate seeing the following measurements (they are not supplied on the spec sheet): 1. Bathroom Remodel 55 - Cast Iron Tub Installation. Gradually, the castings will build up on that side of the bath tub. You don’t want food to rot before they get to eat it as this will attract other animals and will release greenhouse gases (which we’re trying to avoid!).īecause the bath tub is so large, I feed them on one side of the tub only. Over the first few weeks you will get to know how much your worms can eat. Worms do not have teeth, so you will find they can consume a lot more if their food is blended up for them. We blend up food scraps for our worms so that they are easier to digest. FEEDING YOUR WORMSĪllow your worms to settle in for a few days before feeding them. To keep the chickens and possums out we covered the whole bath with an internal door we picked up for free on Facebook. We then covered the soil with hessian bags (reused coffee bean bags) to keep the temperature stable. Your worm farm should be damp like a wrung-out sponge, but not too much water so as to drown them. Water your worms gently with a watering can. A bucket underneath the drainage hole catches the worm tea.Layer with compost, soil or manure and add your happy worms.Make a cosy bed for your worms on top of the shade cloth with shredded paper. The perfect soaking tub for your contemporary or traditional bathroom, this model is sure to dazzle.Cover the rocks with a sheet of shade cloth or similar so that you don’t lose any worms into the rocks or down the drain hole. Cover the bottom layer of the bath with drainage rocks.Start by covering the plug hole/drainage holes with some chicken wire.Firstly, we placed our bath tub on some old chairs we had in the shed. You could build a stand for the bathtub out of an old pallet – which would look a lot nicer – but we wanted to use what we had.Chairs to act as a stand (free from shed)Įssentially you want to create a relatively weather-proof and predator-safe enclosure with good drainage for your worms.Worms (1000 worms for $25 from Gumtree).Compost/soil/manure (from compost bin/manure $2 on side of road).Cast Iron Swedish Slipper Tub 54' X 30' With No Faucet Drillings by Cambridge Plumbing (5) 2,289. Cambridge 54' Cast Iron Swedish Tub, No Faucet Drillings, Brushed Nickel Feet by Cambridge (4) 2,289. Hay/shredded paper (free from chook pen/newspaper from local café) Majesty White Double Pedestal Tub, Drilled Rim Faucets by Restoria Bathtub Company (6) 1,915.Drainage rocks ($8 20kg bag from Bunnings).as well when paired against warm neutrals for a rustic feel akin to cast iron. broadway cast Awave studio 10.6 full download Jm bariani sri gombak. Here are our building materials, which cost a total of just $79: Complete your bath with a beautifully designed Delta roman tub faucet. Olivier martinet retable Yelp icon black Dr sunanda agashe Kla project cover High. For this DIY demonstration we sourced everything for our bathtub worm farm from our garden shed, Gumtree and Facebook Marketplace. You can really make a worm farm container out of almost anything – get creative with you what you have and just apply the same principles. Sign in to UC Library Search using your Facebook account. The most direct way to access your library account is through the My Library Account link. Faculty, students, and the public are welcome to use the library at any time. In addition to being a great place to gather research, the UC San Diego Library is a great place to learn more about the city. How To Access Your Uc San Diego Library Account Please contact us at or (858) 534-4357 if you have any questions. Please take the time to read this guide if you want to use My Library Account. Items borrowed from My Library may not be returned after the borrowing period has expired. After you’ve chosen the items, you’ll need to provide your UC San Diego ID number and the borrowing period. Click on the Borrow Items tab in My Library to make a loan request for a specific item. On the Catalog tab, look for the My Library Catalog link. Access to the items in My Library can be accomplished by clicking on the My Library tab and then selecting the item you wish to view. Your account number can also be found on the My Library Account statement. When you log in to My Library Account, you will see your account number, which you can find on your My Library Account login screen. Your My Library Account will be accessible from any computer with internet access after you have completed the registration process, and you will be able to access your account from any computer with internet access. If you are not a UC San Diego student, you can create an account online by visiting My Library Account and following the simple steps. The use of masks is no longer required in Library buildings. The public is completely welcome to use both the Geisel and WongAvery libraries at UC San Diego. It has been restored to the office where in-person services are still available, and other resources, such as print collections and online resources, are available. Library physical spaces have been completely reopened. The library building that is closest to the turn-around, as well as the library building that is closest to the turn-around, are now open to return Library items inside. There are two libraries at the University of San Diego Library: the biomedical library and the gisel library. The Library’s resources can be accessed from outside of campus via VPN An圜onnect. To wear a mask indoors, you must do so with a mask, but you do not need to make reservations at the library or in a social setting. In person services, print collections, and other resources have all been restored, and physical Library spaces have been completely reopened. The University of California, San Diego’s libraries provide free copies of most of the materials from their print collections to faculty, staff, and students. Once you have printed out your business cards, you will need to cut them out and then distribute them to your potential clients or customers. You can either use your own printer at home or you can use one of the printers available at the UCSD library. If you choose to print out your business cards yourself, you will need to have a high-quality printer. The print shop will then print out your business cards for you. If you choose to use the campus print services, you can either submit your business card design online or you can bring your own design to the print shop. You can use the campus print services, or you can print them out yourself using a personal printer. If you need to print out business cards while at UCSD, there are a few options available to you. We want to start from this brightness that our contour knob gave us and make its way down to the cutoff frequency. Sustain level of zero, is the same as your cutoff frequency and that’s what we want. Now the way envelopes work is they start at this contour and they go down to the sustain level. Just a little bit, it’s gonna be another subtle effect. So we turn up our contour to determine that tss bright starting point. We want the sound to start bright and immediately get down to this nice round point. And then we want to use the filter envelope to give it an attack. Next, remember to bring our cutoff down to get a bit of a rounder tone. Just adds a little thickness to the sound but it keeps that nice solid single oscillator, sound as well. And then we’re gonna de-tune it down a little bit and this is gonna add a little just a touch of movement, a little bit of thickness to the sound. It’s also gonna be a medium width pulse wave.Īnd we’re gonna turn up just a little bit, it’s just gonna add a little bit of high end. This is gonna be one octave above the first. And then we’re gonna bring in the second oscillator, turning it on. And we want to bring it down, two octaves. We want to use a medium width pulse wave. So starting with the Moog, we’re gonna reset it, so that it’s just plain old saw wave. For Mac users, there’s a pretty simple patch actually so you can use any synth to follow along. However, there is a free one for Windows users and you can check that out Mini Moog VA and that’s link at the top of the video. So I’m starting with the Moog and this is the one synth plugin that I’m using that isn’t free. So I decided to use emulators of those plugs of those synths. The guys in Chvrches use vintage hardware synths like Moogs, Juno 106, Prophet. So starting with the bass, we’re gonna use Moog. So now let’s listen to the finished patches before we start building them from the ground up. All except one, and whenever I open a new plug-in a link will appear at the top of the video so that you can go and get it. So for this video, we’re gonna be using mostly donation ware and free plugins. Syntorial is synthesizer training software that teaches you how to program synths and design sound, all by ear using videos and interactive challenges. Lastly while you’re there, check out the free Syntorial demo, which comes with 22 free synth lessons. And if you wanna be notified when a new video comes out, just scroll down to the bottom of the page and sign up for our newsletter. On this page we’ll see this video along with many others, check them out while you’re there and below each video, there’s a download link where you can get the presets and MIDI files from the video. Type it in, send it and I may cover it in a future video. And on the right side there’s a forum where you can submit a tutorial request. So if there’s something you want to learn about, just click the link at the top of this video, it’ll take you to the Syntorial website’s tutorials page. I’m gonna be doing these videos on a regular basis on different sounds, songs, techniques and stuff like that. Hey everyone, today I’m gonna show you how to remake these synth patches from the intro of Chvrch’s “Gun”. Don’t forget to download the presets and MIDI files. Joe will be using mostly free and donationware plugins, and will focus on classic hardware synth emulations. In this synth tutorial, Joe Hanley, the creator of Syntorial, will take you step-by-step as he rebuilds the introduction from Chvrches “Gun”. By 1915, a single gram cost what would be around $1.9 million in today's money, and that means many of the products didn't contain real radium - fortunately for consumers. Children played with toys painted with radium, and performers on the New York stage danced and twirled in costumes that glowed. Radium was in such high demand that prices soared. From it they managed to extract two previously unknown elements, polonium and radium, both more radioactive than uranium. Radium occurs in the ground where the trees grow and is absorbed by the plant's root system. Radium is an element, it belongs to the people, she told American journalist Missy Maloney during a trip to the United States in 1921. Potassium is good for you, is used in many biochemical reactions, and is one of the reasons why the human body is itself slightly radioactive. With the good intentions of a Steven Soderbergh anti-capitalist thriller but the tepid execution of a mid-season-replacement CW teen drama, Radium Girls shines a light on a rarely discussed chapter of America’s labor history. People drank radium water and brushed their teeth with radium toothpaste, and radium cosmetics were all the rage. Brazil nuts contain high levels of two radioactive elements: radium and potassium. right? Real doctors started experimenting with it as a cure for things like tuberculosis and lupus, while the quacks started marketing their own so-called cures for everything from acne and baldness to impotence and insanity. Pure radium is almost colorless, but it readily combines with. It exists in the solid state at room temperature Radium has a density of 5 grams per centimeter cube (g/cm3) Radium is silver. It is the sixth element in group 2 of the periodic table, also known as the alkaline earth metals. Early experiments using radium to kill cancer cells had been a success, and if it could kill cancer, surely, it could kill whatever else was ailing you. The EPA adds, The most common isotopes of radium are Ra-226 and Ra-228. Radium has a melting point of 696 and a boiling point of 1500. It really started in earnest in 1904, when LD Gardner began marketing a health water he called "Liquid Sunshine." According to the New York Historical Society, belief in radium's healthy benefits was rooted in a massive misstep in logic. The Caliper Profile is one of the best-known pre-employment personality tests - and for good reason. Some may also suggest follow-up questions based on your results, and you can use these to prepare yourself for upcoming interviews.įull Reviews of the Best Employment Personality Tests Caliper Profile Review A good personality test will give you specific information explaining how you work best and how your strengths and weaknesses may play out in a specific role. Sales agents have to be charismatic and willing to take risks while being patient and understanding is more important if you’re working in customer support. Sales and customer support positions, for example, both require interaction with consumers, but most employers would agree they require very different temperaments. InsightsĪ personality test that just tells you that you’re good with people isn’t very useful because it doesn’t give you any context. These types of questions lead to more personalized results and ultimately, more useful insights. We preferred questions with a scale (i.e., Strongly Disagree to Strongly Agree) over simple true/false questions, and questions that require you to choose the statement that best fits your views are even better. We looked at the traits studied and the number and type of questions. In general, personality tests that measure more traits can provide more detailed results. More test takers also means more data that the creators can use to refine their methodology and make their reports even more useful. Second, because they are the most popular, these tests also have the most empirical research backing up their validity. First, these are the ones you are most likely to encounter if you are asked to complete a personality test as part of a job application. We focused on the most popular employment personality tests for two reasons. To determine which personality tests are the most useful, we evaluated each one based on its report’s level of detail and the helpfulness of its insights as well as the test’s popularity. How We Chose the Best Employment Personality Tests If you don’t find anything you like with our top picks, you may want to look into one of these other employment personality tests. The Other 5 Employment Personality Tests We Considered To better prepare, and learn more about each test, follow the links below. Many of these personality tests are used as part of a pre-employment assessment by hiring managers. Each looks at slightly different traits and measures them in a different way, but they all provide helpful insights into your personal and professional strengths and weaknesses. These five personality tests are some of the most commonly employed by businesses for screening potential applicants. Read our reviews below to learn more about four other popular tests. Here is our full Caliper Assessment Preparation Guide, and for a deeper dive into career tests check out our Career Test Guide. We favored the companies that weave the data into an easily understandable narrative and offer specific insights into how an employee will perform in specific roles.Įach personality test is formulated slightly differently, so you may want to check out some others as well. We took each of the exams and compared them based on the detail and accuracy of the results we received. We looked at 10 of the most popular pre-employment personality tests to determine which provided the most useful information. We created this guide to the best personality tests for employment to help point you in the right direction. But there are dozens of tests out there, and it can be difficult to know which one will provide you with the most useful insights. Taking one can tell you a lot about which roles you’re best suited to and how you’re presenting yourself to potential employers. They give insights into your strengths and weaknesses, thinking styles and even leadership ability. Personality tests are an increasingly popular way for employers to screen potential candidates and find the best fit for open positions. It assesses 23 key personality traits and distills the data into a thorough, well-written report tailored to the specific job position you are applying for. The Caliper Profile was our favorite and the most useful to prepare for. W2G88 Guangong Kardier Sanitary Technology Co., Ltd. W2G68 Compas (Xiamen) Plumbing Technology Co., Ltd. W2E37 Guangdong Mijic Sanitary Ware Co., Ltd. W2E03 Foshan Nanhai Wisdom Sanitary Ware Co., Ltd. W2D95 Taizhou Ciler Sanitary Ware Co., Ltd. W2D45 Foshan Deson Sanitary Ware Co., Ltd. W2D37 HighTech (Shanghai) Home Products Design Co., Ltd. W2D26 Foshan SHKL Sanitary Ware Co., Ltd. W2D12 Guangdong Aolitai Ceramics Industrial Co., Ltd. W2D03 Guangdong Innoci Sanitary Ware Co., Ltd. W2C37 Sichuan Renbang Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd. W2C15 Xiamen R&T Plumbing Technology Co., Ltd. W2C01 Zhangzhou Wanhui Sanitaryware Co., Ltd. W2B37 Guangdong Anbi Technology Co., Ltd. W2B26 Zhongshan Frae Shower Equipment Co., Ltd. W2B15 Guangdong Lehua Intelligent Sanitaryware Co., Ltd. W2A40 Chaozhou Fengxi Weisixin Ceramics Co., Ltd. W2A38 Foshan Nanhai Xianwei Metals & Plastic Products Co., Ltd. W2A30 Ningbo Shufuan Sanitary Ware & Bath Equipment Co., Ltd. W2A28 Luoding Mingjia Building Materials Ltd. W2A10 Kaiping Yizhan Valve Core Co., Ltd. W1G70 Viega (China) Plumbing Systems Co., Ltd. W1E45 Zhuhai Mingshi Ceramics Valve Co., Ltd. W1E15 Association of the German Trade Fair Industry (AUMA) W1E15 Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy (BMWi) W1E15 LMI Leipziger Messe International GmbH W1E03 Neoperl Faucet Components (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. W1D37 Qingdao Seagull Frienda Home Integration Co., Ltd. W1D37 Suzhou Uchoice System Bath Co., Ltd. W1D37 Guangzhou Seagull Kitchen & Bath Products Co., Ltd. W1D01 Shanghai Hansgrohe International Trading Co., Ltd. W1C37 Vekon Bathroom Equipment (Xinhui) Co., Ltd. W1C26 Villeroy & Boch Trading (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. W1C15 Roca Sanitaryware Trading (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. W1A40 Jiangsu Meiensha Purification Technology Co., Ltd. W1012 Foshan Shunde Shing Shun Sanitary Ftgs Co., Ltd. Most of them gather German brands, Italian brands and Spanish brands, including American sanitary ware brand Kohler,Germany sanitary ware brand Hansgrohe, Italy sanitary ware brand Nobili, and some domestic high-end designer brands are also in these two exhibitions The exhibition hall is a place worthy of attention. If you want to know about some international famous bathroom brands, you can visit W1 and W2 exhibition halls. With this exhibition plan, no matter how big the exhibition hall is, you are not afraid to get lost!Īs the trend vane of kitchen and bathroom, which exhibitors will there be in this year's Shanghai kitchen and bathroom exhibition? Let's have a look! You can add the personal WeChat: 13066273578 and we will add you into the group! This article will publish the exhibitor list, so that everyone can consult it on the spot of Kitchen & Bathroom China(KBC).Īt the same time, we set up a live communication group and invite you to interact with the peers. Super large scale, super popularity, once a year, how can we miss it! "Integration, embeddedness, green, interconnection, wisdom, health and innovation" will be the main theme of this exhibition. 220000 square meters, more than 1000 star enterprises appeared. The 26th China International Kitchen and Bathroom Facilities Exhibition ( KBC, KITCHEN & BATHROOM CHINA) will be held in Shanghai Longyang Road New International Expo Center from May 26 to May 29, 2021. Last year, the Zimbabwe Anti-Corruption Commission spent about $33 million investigating corruption but to date no convictions have been made.Īuthorities have not said if they are looking for the four suspects in the gold smuggling case. Critics say that corruption is a big reason why the country's economy has stayed in the doldrums for years. Zimbabwe's government has been accused of ignoring corruption that is associated with senior officials of the ruling ZANU-PF party. Government remains seized with the matter and the nation will be kept appraised of any new development with the matter." "Any person found to have been engaged in acts of corruption, fraud or any form of crime will face the full wrath of the law. "Government takes the allegations which are raised in the documentary seriously and has directed relevant organs to institute investigations into issues raised therein," said Mutsvangwa. Monica Mutsvangwa, Zimbabwe’s information minister told reporters on Apin Harare that the government had instructed responsible departments to take action against those smuggling gold. On Thursday, both the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe and the Zimbabwe Anti-Corruption Commission refused to comment on the freezing of the assets or on the Gold Mafia documentary series until all four episodes are screened.īut Monica Mutsvangwa, Zimbabwe's information minister, said the government had instructed responsible departments to take action. Every person who is accused to have been involved in any corruption must be brought to account and be prosecuted." "We need stronger disincentives, we need stronger penalties, stricter penalties to disincentive, to dissuade and discourage corrupt tendencies," he said. "So I believe there is need to obviously do more."Ĭhitambara stressed the need to take steps. "It also then affects the development of other critical sectors because resources are being diverted to productive spending into a few individuals' pockets," he said. Prosper Chitambara, a senior researcher and economist at the Labor and Economic Development Research Institute of Zimbabwe, says corruption contributes to the high cost of doing business in Zimbabwe. entitled “Pandemic COVID-19 Joins History’s Pandemic Legion” ( 1). It’s time to finally commit to our future.I read with much interest the Perspective article by Morens et al. It’s time to finally solve this conflict between the two Venices, the one for tourists and the one for Venetians. “But it’s time to rethink what Venice can be. “Venice in many ways has been a perfect lover, willing to give everyone what you want without asking for any commitment for the future,” he told CNN. Mattia Berto, who runs a theater company in Venice, believes the city can find the right balance. What happens next in Venice is in the hands of the Venetians, perhaps for the first time in centuries. When the plague hit, they decided the only way to protect the city was to isolate incoming ships for 40 days, or quaranta giorni, which became known as the quarantina, what we now call quarantine. The very word quarantine was born out of the city’s response to the Black Death more than 700 years ago when the city was a powerful trading hub that brought merchants from around the world. What happens next in Venice is crucial for its future.Īfter all, this city has risen from pandemics before. The virus has revealed just how few residents remain in Venice. “Saving Venice is a very particular mission, but we are on a roll right now.” “We feel more than ever that this is the moment,” Conn says. She envisions the tourist apartments housing students and bringing new energy to the city. She also sees an opportunity in the vacuum created by the absence of mass tourism due to travel bans instituted by the pandemic to lure academic programs back to the city. “We need to focus on the Made in Venice brand, to promote local artisans and bring that Venice back and offer a better quality of life to the people who live here and who visit.” “We don’t want it to become a Monte Carlo,” she says. “We are going to need to rethink Venice, to bring it to a higher level.”īut she’s not talking only about designer shops and luxury goods. “We’re going to see empty shops,” she says. “We are confident that we can rebuild, reestablish and rethink Venice, concentrating on helping the city withstand the elements and tourism.”Ĭonn knows that pulling the plug on the sort of mass tourism that Venice has experienced in recent years will cause some businesses to close. “What will follow will be slow tourism, not mass tourism anymore,” Conn says. Jellyfish seen swimming in Venice's canals Mark’s Square, which is a highlight on any Venetian port call. Last summer, that inner struggle with mass tourism came to a head when the government, worried about the ecological effects of mass tourism on the city’s canals, threatened to ban cruise ships from entering the historical port by way of St. “When the city locked down and it was just Venetians here, you could see how few we really are.” “The virus shows just how tourism has massacred the population,” Secchi, who is also in the hospitality industry, says. Things have only gotten worse since then. Secchi’s group even helped stage a funeral for Venice in 2009 when the population dropped below 60,000. The population of Venice has dropped from 175,000 after World War II to just over 52,000 today. In many ways, Venice has lately become a victim of its own popularity in a worsening struggle between overtourism, fed by the popularity and affordability of cruise ships and low-cost air travel, and the steady decline of local residents who have been fleeing the tourist invasion in record numbers. The bad old days - tourists have been squeezing residents out of the city. “Tourists won’t really start coming back until the borders are reopened and international travel is allowed.” “When the city reopens next week, it will still be much like it looks today,” he told CNN in an eerily empty Venice this week. Instead the noise is from vacuum cleaners and sanitation crews inside stores that are getting ready for the grand reopening on May 18.īut even as shop owners prepare for whatever post-lockdown Venice looks like, everyone here in this deserted tourist town is asking the same question: who are they reopening for?Įvery year, as many as 30 million tourists from all over the world descend on Venice, pumping up to $2.5 billion into the local economy, according to the Italian Tourism Ministry.īut few are Italians, who have never been as enamored with the lagoon city as the rest of the world, according to Matteo Secchi, head of the tourist group Venessia, who says Venice has always attracted far more international tourists than national ones. A few days before Italy is set to lift restrictions across much of the country after being locked down since March 10, the streets of Venice are starting to spring back to life. Given that """"""""activation"""""""" keratin overexpression is also a hallmark of multiple hyperproliferative skin diseases, genetic conditions, and epithelial cancers, our results are expected to be directly applicable to many conditions and diseases, in skin as well as in other organs. In addition to testing our hypothesis regarding the mechanism of age-dependent alteration of wound healing in human skin, our proposed studies will likely provide useful information on the functional significance of """"""""activation"""""""" keratin expression during re-epithelialization. The long-term objective of my research is to understand the molecular mechanisms that are responsible for impaired wound healing during aging, and thereby develop therapeutic solutions to improve the quality of wound repair in the elderly. My learning activities will also include initiation to the biostatistics related to my specific project, and attendance to workshops aimed at preparing my future independent academic career. All members of my mentoring team are well-established and respected scientists, world experts in their respective fields, and confirmed mentors. I will be trained in state-of-the art molecular biology and organotypic culture techniques by my co-mentor, advised on the specifics of keratin biology by my consultant, and guided to independence in the field of skin aging by my sponsor. In addition to outstanding institutional resources and support, I will benefit from the help of an exceptional mentoring team on this project. Our specific aims are designed to establish a working model, and directly test this hypothesis. Based on our preliminary data obtained by direct measurements in young and aged human skin, we hypothesize that """"""""activation"""""""" keratins, major cytoskeletal components induced in wounded skin, play important functions in regulating keratinocyte regenerative capacity during normal wound repair, and are defective in aged skin. The specific focus of this project is to investigate the molecular mechanisms that cause this age-dependent cessation of keratinocyte regenerative capacity. We found that premature termination of the wound healing response is due to early cessation of epidermal cell proliferation in aged human skin. Our preliminary data demonstrate that wound healing response in the aged is not """"""""slow"""""""", but rather abbreviated or interrupted, compared to young adults. To overcome these obstacles, we have developed a method to generate controlled, safe, and reproducible wounds in healthy young (70 years) human volunteers. Lack of experimental data in humans originates from the difficulties of isolating the effects of co-morbidity factors in an aged population, and ethical considerations associated with wound studies in humans in vivo. The molecular and cellular basis for these observations remains unknown. Clinical observations indicate that wound healing is delayed in aged compared to young skin, and that regenerated skin is highly susceptible to further tearing in elderly individuals. Impaired wound healing is a common clinical problem in the elderly population. The proposed project is designed to provide me with the additional training I need to develop an innovative and independent research project, and establish myself as an independent translational researcher. I have been uniquely trained in clinical research in the field of skin aging and photoaging, and have a published record of productivity in this field. I am a non-tenure track junior faculty at my Institution, and have previous pre- and post-doctoral research experience in Dermatology. |